ABSTRACT
Background@#The COVID-19 pandemic has been a great challenge to medical education, nonetheless it also offered medical schools an opportunity to incorporate a developing technology to address the accessibility of health services in the form of telemedicine. However, the success of any new technology would depend on factors of the users who engage in it.@*Objective@#To determine the perceptions, attitudes, and willingness of fourth-year medical students enrolled in the Cebu Institute of Medicine for the school year 2020-2021 on CIM CMSS – DOH telemedicine program@*Methods@#This was an analytical, cross-sectional study design conducted to 150 fourth year medical students of the Cebu Institute of Medicine from June to July 2021 using a validated, researcher-made electronic questionnaire@*Results@#The study had a response rate of 100 percent. Gender, pre-medical degrees and previous experience with telemedicine did not differ significantly in terms of their perception, attitude and willingness toward the telemedicine program. However, those medical students who are fluent in Tagalog have better attitudes toward it. A positive linear correlation also existed between the respondents’ perception scores and attitude scores, as well as between their perception scores and willingness scores indicating that better perception towards the program indicated better attitude and willingness.@*Conclusions@#The result of this study can be used to address the limitations perceived and demonstrated by medical students during the pandemic and how telemedicine bridged the gap in medical education. This can be the basis of adding telemedicine in the current medical curriculum, which would translate to future graduates who are able to provide holistic healthcare by adopting new technological strategies.
Subject(s)
Telemedicine , Education, Medical , COVID-19ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>A variety of inflammatory mediators and effector cells participate together in acute lung injury, and lead to secondary injury that is due to an inflammatory cascade and secondary diffuse lung parenchyma injury. Inflammation is associated with an oxidative stress reaction, which is produced in the development of airway inflammation, and which has positive feedback on inflammation itself. Resolvin D1 can reduce the infiltration of neutrophils, regulate cytokine levels and reduce the inflammation reaction, and thereby promote the resolution of inflammation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of resolvin D1 on an inflammatory response and oxidative stress during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>LPS (3 mg/kg) was used to induce the acute lung injury model. Pretreatment resolvin D1 (100 ng/mouse) was given to mice 30 minutes before inducing acute lung injury. Mice were observed at 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days and 7 days after LPS was administrated, then they were humanely sacrificed. We collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the lung tissues for further analysis. Paraffin section and HE staining of the lung tissues were made for histopathology observations. Parts of the lung tissues were evaluated for wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio. tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, inter leukin (IL)-1β, IL-10 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kit was used to detect MDA. A total superoxide dismutase assay kit with WST-1 was used to analyze superoxide dismutase (SOD). We determined the apoptosis of neutrophils by Flow Cytometry. A real-time quantitative PCR Detecting System detected the expression of mRNA for heme oxygenase (HO)-1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pretreatment with resolvin D1 reduced the pathological damage in the lung, decreased the recruitment of neutrophils and stimulated their apoptosis. It markedly decreased the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and increased the expressions of IL-10, and decreased the production of MDA and increased the expressions of SOD. The mRNA expression of HO-1 was also significantly increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Resolvin D1 displays potent anti-inflammatory actions by regulating cytokines, inhibiting aberrant neutrophil recruitment and stimulating apoptosis of neutrophils. Resolvin D1 can also relieve the injury due to oxidative stress. The mechanisms might be related to increase HO-1 expression.</p>